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Hyperglycemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

The American Diabetes Association recommends proper treatment for managing hyperglycemia. High blood sugar levels must be managed. After all, an imbalance can cause severe reactions. A diabetic coma might even require a trip to an urgent care clinic.

When left untreated, this condition can affect other body parts. Heart, nerve, eye, and kidney damage may occur.

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WHAT IS HYPERGLYCEMIA ?

Hyperglycemia is a case of high blood sugar common in people with diabetes mellitus. They develop it because of high blood glucose levels.

The spike can come from several causes. These include skipping an insulin dose or taking an incorrect dosage. Too much physical activity or exercise can also cause episodes.

WHAT ARE ITS SYMPTOMS ?

The main symptoms of this condition can be grouped into two categories.

EARLY SYMPTOMS

The key to diagnosing hyperglycemia earlier on is to watch out for tell-tale signs. Early symptoms include:

Increased thirst
Headaches
Unusual tiredness and fatigue
Frequent urination
Blurred vision

LATER SYMPTOMS

When you don't notice the early signs and symptoms, you may develop serious health issues. One example is when ketones, or toxic acids, form in your urine and blood. This is known as diabetic ketoacidosis.

The symptoms to look out for are:

Vomiting
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Confusion
Dry mouth
Sweet-smelling or fruity breath
Shortness of breath
Fainting

Per the ADA, people with type 1 diabetes are likely to have this concern.

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HOW DO YOU TREAT HYPERGLYCEMIA ?

What's the best way to manage this condition in people with diabetes? It is to monitor and control blood sugar levels at all times. You can do this via insulin intake, medications, and diet and lifestyle changes.

BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING

Hyperglycemia happens due to severely high blood sugar levels. That's why testing a few times a day is vital. Keep your blood glucose levels within the target range. Also, take note of any sudden spikes or dips.

INSULIN INTAKE

Take your insulin properly and at the correct time. Your physician will have prescribed the dosage you should administer. It's essential that you receive insulin as it will stabilize your blood glucose levels.

DIABETES MEDICATION

Your doctor may prescribe oral diabetes medicines to take with insulin. Metformin can help control hyperglycemia and lower blood sugar. Your doctor will evaluate how effective metformin is for the first few months of intake. Other oral medications might also help if metformin is not enough.

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

Regular exercise is vital for people with diabetes. Physical activity is the easiest way to decrease your blood sugar level. It can also promote weight loss and a decrease in emotional stress.

Consult your doctor before doing any drastic changes to your workout plan. They might recommend a change in insulin dosage to match changes from increased exercise.

Improving your diet can also prevent this issue. How? You can start by managing your carbs. That's because too much carbs may cause a high blood glucose level. Avoid sugary beverages and alcohol too.

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LIVING WITH HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS

Diabetes care involves proper monitoring of glucose levels. This health concern may seem overwhelming at first. But learning how to deal with it can provide much relief. Proper management will also help you prevent severe hyperglycemia.

Getting enough insulin, maintaining a stable blood sugar level, and taking certain medications will help. Regular physical activity and doctor's visits are also key for general disease control. In addition, they can help prevent other long-term complications.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Yes, stress can trigger the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can lead to increased blood sugar levels in individuals with or without diabetes.

The frequency of blood sugar monitoring may vary depending on individual circumstances and healthcare provider recommendations, but it's typically recommended to check blood sugar levels multiple times a day, especially before meals and bedtime.

If blood sugar levels remain consistently high, despite efforts to manage them through diet, exercise, and medication adherence, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to adjust treatment plans and address any underlying issues.

Yes, dietary guidelines for managing hyperglycemia often include consuming a balanced diet rich in fiber, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while limiting refined carbohydrates, sugary foods, and excessive calorie intake.

Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, typically above normal ranges, while hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, usually below 70 mg/dL. Both conditions require management but have different causes and symptoms.